Arthrosis - what are the causes, signs, symptoms, degrees and treatment of joint arthrosis

Joint arthrosis is a complex dystrophic disease associated with the destruction of cartilage tissue in the joints.This pathological process is the most common joint disease around the world.Arthrosis is characterized by pain, morning stiffness and mobility limitations.The development of symptoms gradually is a feature, however, the rate of development of the disease can vary.

Diagnosis is made based on anamnesis, clinical examination and radiography.Arthrosis treatment is usually conservative: exercise therapy, anti -inflammation, physiotence, blockade, etc.

We will consider in more detail the disease and how to treat it, we will consider further in the article.

What is arthrosis?

Arthrosis is a degenerative change in the structure of the joints, which is accompanied by pain and deformation.The second name of the disease, used in international classification - osteoarthrosis.

The disease is characterized by slow development, although it can be accelerated by several external factors.It all depends on the individual characteristics of the body, human disease and its important activity methods.

According to statistics, arthrosis is sore with 6.5-12% of the world population.Most people over 65 (62-85% of cases) suffer.There is a tendency to "rejuvenate" pathology: in different countries about 30-35% of patients are 45-65 years old, and 2-3% of the age of 20-45.

People who are unfamiliar with drugs think that arthritis and arthrosis are one and the same.In fact, this is not the case, because in the first case the disease is acute inflammation, and in the second - a long and less obvious chronic.

Type

The words of the diagnosis for arthrosis can vary, although the essence of the disease is the same.Often, the patient's questions and misunderstandings are related to some of the terms of the term arthrosis:

• Arthrosoarthritis is a classic arthrosis, in which the inflammation process is pronounced;
• Osteoarthrosis is completely similar to arthrosis;
• Deforming (osteoarthrosis) - the final stage of the disease, indicated by deformation and closure of the joints;
• Coksartrosis - a short term indicates the wound of the hip joint;
• Gonartrosis is a short term meaning "knee joint arthrosis";
• Spondylarthrosis is a wound of arcen -Heating spinal joint.

There are many types of these diseases.Classification can occur based on localization of the affected area and depends on the cause of the disease.

The type of arthrosis depends on localization:

• Knee
• Hip
• Cervical
• Brachial
• Hands and fingers
• Spine
• Ankle
• Main polyosteoarthrosis

Depending on the number of joints involved, the following types are distinguished:

• Monoarthrosis.
• Oligoarthrosis - no more than 2 affected joints.
• Polyarthrosis - involved from 3 articular groups.

The degree of damage to the joints

A degree of arthrosis	Symptom
1 degree	The first stage of arthrosis - no clear morphological change, only the synovial fluid composition is interrupted.The supply of fluid is worse to cartilagin tissue with nutrients, the resistance of the cartilage to the conventional load decreases.Due to the advantages of the articular surface, inflammation occurs, pain arises.
2 degrees	The joints are destroyed.Osteophytes are formed.Pain during load and movement becomes stronger, the characteristic crisis in the affected area is heard.
3 degrees	This is the worst stage of the disease.There are pathological changes in the joints of the joints.Inflammation occurs.Patients feel stiffness when moving, because the muscles cannot fully contract and fulfill their function.

Cause

The formation of arthrosis is facilitated by two reasons - the burden and absence of full nutrition that supplies vitamins, minerals for tissue recovery.Everyone's joints carry loads.Athletes and dancers, with physical work, the burden on their feet are larger, which means that bone joints use faster and require high nutrition.With a quiet lifestyle, the support tools wear more slowly, but also require periodic fabric renewal.

The main arthrosis

This type is most often associated with low self -esteem and cartilage tendency for damage and destruction due to metabolic disorders.The most common cause of the disease:

• descent and genetics;
• menopause;
• Frequently and, at first glance, minor injuries (for example, among athletes).

Secondary arthrosis

Secondary types most often change the form of arthrosis and last against the background of decreasing cartilage stability to normal load.The development of this pathology is facilitated by:

• injury;
• obesity;
• weakness of ligaments and muscles;
• Arthritis.

With age, the tendency of the disease increases.After 70 years, arthrosis is diagnosed with each second retire.Because the maximum load falls on the feet (someone moves - walks, stands, walks, jumps), here the first signs are formed.

The signs and symptoms of arthrosis

Arthrosis belongs to the category of chronic diseases.Sometimes the disease cannot be leaked for years, only sometimes reminiscent of pain in joints in joint or awkward movements.But it also occurs that the disease has developed rapidly to a few months.

However, it is important to remember, if you do not treat the disease, the symptoms will increase over time, worsen the quality of life, and in severe cases -leading to defects and immobilization.

Symptoms with joint arthrosis:

• Sore.Painful sensations with arthrosis are spoken, especially after various types of loads.When one comes to a state of peace, after a while, the uncomfortable sensation disappears.The localization of pain occurs directly in a place where changes in the normal structure of the body have occurred.In some cases, pain in arthrosis can occur when a person is located, which is truly relaxed.They look very sharp and strong, which can be compared to dental pain.This usually happens in the morning.
• The second sign of arthrosis is a problem, but you cannot confuse these symptoms by clicking the joints, which are found in almost everyone, and do not bring discomfort.The deficiency in the disease is characterized by a rough and dry sound, it leads to severe pain and discomfort.With the development of the disease, the symptoms become more different and painful.
• Reduces joint movement.It is also considered one of the symptoms of arthrosis, but it appears to be in the active stage of the disease.During the development of arthrosis, the growth/proliferation of bone neoplasms occurs, leading to muscle tissue cramps, reducing the lumen in a joint bag - movement restrictions in this area are guaranteed.
• Modify together.The modification is determined by the fact that osteophytes grow on the surface of the bone and the synovial fluid arrive.Although deformation is one of the latest symptoms, when arthrosis has hit the joints in a large -scale.
• Changes in muscle tone.Initially, especially with severe pain, the periarticular muscles are tense of reflex.In the future, when motor activity is lost, muscle atrophy.
• Skin manifestations.Optional sign.In the early stages, the redness of the skin in the joint projection is possible.In the future, as arthrosis and muscle atrophy will last, the skin becomes pale, dry, pigmented.

Joints that arthrosis are more frequently influenced:	Less often suffer:
Knee Hip Brachial Spondylarthrosis facet (spondylarthrosis)	Ankle Small joints Locter Wrist

Complication

If arthrosis does not pay proper attention, in time and does not treat properly, this can cause not only the complete destruction of the diseased joints, but also changes in spinal biomechanics, which makes it a hernia in the intervertebral disc and the development of arthrosis in others, so far is still healthy.

The dangers of treatment soon against any type of arthrosis lies in the complications associated with it, the adverse effects:

• Joints that are inflamed and gradually destroyed;
• Movement becomes controlled, partially or fully limited movement;
• The spine is interrupted;
• Interdiscount hernia is formed;
• Neuralgia develops;
• The standard of living of patients with reduced arthrosis;
• That person became disabled.

Diagnostics

First of all, they try to see the structural changes in the affected area, to assess their severity and prevalence.Also, metabolic disorders in the body should be determined, which has been a good background for arthrosis.Therefore, the survey set consists of the following events:

• Radiography.
• Magnetic resonance tomography.
• Ultrasound study.
• Arthroscopy.
• Biochemical blood tests (hormone spectrum, inflammatory markers, calcium metabolism, rheumen).

Taking into account radiological properties, specialists in the field of orthopedic and traumatologists distinguish the following stages of arthrosis (Kellgren-Lawrence classification):

• Level 1 (Doubtful arthrosis) - Surprising of joint gap, osteophytes are absent or available in small quantities.
• Level 2 (soft) - suspicion of narrowing the joint gap, osteophytes are clearly defined.
• Level 3 (medium) - a clear narrowing of the joint gap, there is clear osteophytes, bone deformation is possible.
• Stage 4 (severe arthrosis) - narrowing of joint gaps, large osteophytes, bone deformation and osteosclerosis.

Please note: The course of the disease being considered is very slow and in the first stage it may not be characterized by any symptoms at all, and inconsistent joint pain and increased fatigue can exist even to healthy people with large physical energy.Therefore, free diagnosis of arthrosis is almost impossible.

How to treat joint arthrosis

Principles of Arthrosis Treatment:

• eliminate excess load on the joints;
• Therapy with anti -pills and analgesics.Also, in complex therapy, chondroprotectors are actively used for arthrosis;
• Physiotherapy physical education;
• sanatorium treatment;
• Magnetotherapy, electrotherapy, laser therapy, shock wave therapy;
• intra -articular oxygenotherapy;
• intraosseous restrictions;
• It is important to choose the right diet for arthrosis.

A method of drug

How to treat arthrosis with medicine?This issue is the most common among patients.Treatment is carried out using three groups of drugs:

1. Chondroprotectors.The drugs of this group restore hyaline cartilage, as they contain components that are part of it.They are recommended by all patients in the form of long-term paper (course 3-4 months 2 times a year).Use tablets and capsules.
2. Hormone corticosteroids.This group of drugs is most effective during arthrosis hunting.Often, intramuscular injections are made.But the same category of drugs in pharmacies is also represented in the form of plaster, ointment - it is only used externally, you can expect a quick and powerful effect.
3. The use of anti -anti -non -ssteroid drugs to reduce pain and eliminate inflammation.
4. Injection.The injection drug quickly stops the pain, reducing the active symptoms.Intramuscular, intravenous or intra -articular administration should be done only by medical workers.These funds cannot save patients from the cause of the disease, but effectively reduce their negative manifestations.

From other drugs for the treatment of arthrosis, the drug is used:

• increase blood in the joints;
• increase the supply of oxygen joint tissue - vitamin "B";
• act on metabolism in the cartilage;
• Desensitizing agents that reduce body reactivity;
• Synthetic hormone adrenal glands.

Surgical

Surgical methods imply two ways to solve the problem:

1. Arthroscopy is an operation performed on the joints.Through the puncture, a special needle is introduced, which removes damaged areas and polish the affected area.
2. Prosthetics is a complex operation, consisting of eliminating damaged joints and immersing new ones.Modern orthopedics go a long way, release a better new prosthesis that the body is rarely rejected, and wearing them does not cause discomfort.

Exercise therapy for arthrosis

Medical Physical Education is used for arthrosis at the subacute level.The main task of exercise therapy:

• orthopedic correction (elimination of affected limbs);
• decreased static load on joints;
• Increases joint movement or prevention of deterioration.

Digoen gymnastics and a set of exercises for muscles and joints that can be dismantled.Exercises for the affected joints are performed in a position to lie down, on the side or back, sitting.They take turns with breathing exercises that help to relax the muscles.Patients perform movement in the affected joints freely or with the help of an instructor.

During class, the appearance of pain should not be allowed.Exercises are done at a slow rate and only after eliminating acute symptoms.Sudden and high amplitude movements should be avoided, which can cause unpleasant sensations.

Physical education must be involved in the supervision of a doctor, and after acquiring the skills you need, you can start training at home.

Physiotherapy and manual therapy

The use of this treatment method provides excellent results in the early stages of arthrosis.

1. Manual treatment should be performed only by an experienced doctor who has proven himself in the treatment of articular pathology.For example, in the treatment of knee joint arthrosis, joint manual therapy -with limb extraction, intra -Articular injection and taking chondroprotectors quickly can put the patient on his feet.
2. Physiotherapy is used as an additional treatment to speed up the recovery period.Their main goal is to reduce inflammation and accelerate tissue regeneration.Procedures such as: laser and cryotherapy, heat-ozokite treatment, mud baths, paraffin therapy, and uof are widely used.

Food and diet

Diets with joint arthrosis are intended to correct metabolic processes, weight, prevent irreversible changes in the joints of the joints, decrease in inflammation and strengthen the structure of the connective tissue joints.There is no special diet with joint arthrosis.The following principles are based on therapeutic nutrition:

1. Foods should be physiologically and balanced with high vitamins and minerals.The value of dietary energy for patients with normal weight corresponds to the average value of daily energy consumption and does not exceed.
2. Salt consumption is limited to 5-8 g/day, as well as salted products (salt, canned foods, chips, salted fish).
3. The use of free fluid should be increased to 2-2.5 l/day.
4. It is necessary to exclude product processing using frying.Food should be baked, steamed, cooked or boiled.
5. You need to switch to frequent nutrition and breakdown.
6. Food should be taken in small portions, which will exclude excess and weight loss.

With arthrosis, the use of extreme diet is prohibited.Because in this type of diet the body produces large amounts of fluid, which in turn, washing calcium and potassium from the bones and joints.

Useful Products:

• Fish and seafood, nuts, linen oil, as a source of omega - 3.
• Low -Fat meat and jelly.
• Products rich in vitamins E, D, C, A and group B. These are fresh fruits, vegetables and berries.It is very useful to use: beet, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage, blueberries, legumes, bananas, oranges, apples and cereal bread.
• Ginger and other spices.
• Milk and dairy products are an excellent source of calcium.
• The new juice is useful.

Products forbidden:

• Fast food, sausage products, half -finished products, chips and all fine products.
• Fatty meat.
• Sdoba, white bread, sugar.
• Fat dairy products, salted cheese.
• Mayonnaise, transgenic fat.
• White rice, semolina.
• Marinades, conservation, salting.
• Alcohol, energy, soda.

A method of people's treatment

Before using folk medicine for arthrosis, be sure to consult with the attending physician.

1. Juni and juniper mash is a homogeneous mass.Connect with butter 1: 3. To relieve pain, rub the joints up to 3 times a day.
2. Roots, flowers or elderberry black branches.Pour 1 tbsp.Spoon the raw material with 1 cup of boiling water.Give, wrap, 3 hours, then strain.Drink 1/4 cups up to 4 times daily 30 minutes before meals.
3. Boil 10 g of bay leaves in 250 ml of water for five minutes.Leave for five hours.Drink from time to time in small sips throughout the day.Three days we treat, we rest for five, so we are treated for three days.
4. Mustard compresses with honey.Mix mustard powder with honey and add one egg.Put the resulting ointment on the gauze and apply it to a sore spot.
5. Complex complex.Cut the cabbage cut slightly and pass through the juicer.Moisturize natural wool tissue in the juice and attach it to a sore spot.
6. One series is another excellent remedy for the treatment of arthrosis.Boil in 250 ml of boiling water 2 tablespoons series.After 20 minutes, boil is ready.Take 2 tablespoons three times a day before meals.The course is 30 days.
7. Chamomile, calendula and burdock ointment overcome pain, relieves inflammation.For the preparation, you need to mix in the same quantity of chamomile flowers, calendula, burdock root, connect herbs with petroleum jelly and leave for 1-2 days.Use ointment for severe pain up to 5 times a day.
8. In boiling water, place the same parts of the bark, birches and calendula flowers.Boil the mixture for 10 minutes, then let it be luxurious under the same amount.You need to take 200 ml boils and half an hour before meals.

Prevention

In the decline in the risk of arthrosis, the following seconds play an important role:

• get rid of additional pounds;
• musculoskeletal pathological treatment;
• Lifetime active movements;
• proper nutrition (diet, balanced diet);
• Prevent hypothermia together;
• A healthy lifestyle with the right regime.